Loyola University Maryland

Facilities and Campus Services

Rights of Copyright Owner

The Copyright Act gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:

  • Reproduce (make copies of) the work;
  • Make derivative works based on the work;
  • Distribute copies to the public;
  • Perform the work publicly;
  • Display the work publicly.

In the case of works made for hire, the employer and not the employee is considered to be the author. Copyright law defines a “work made for hire” as a:

  • Work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment; or
  • Work specially ordered or commissioned for use as a:

    • Contribution to a collective work
    • Part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work
    • Translation
    • Supplementary work
    • Compilation
    • Instructional text
    • Test
    • Answer material for a test
    • Atlas

Faculty must obtain copyright permission when making multiple copies of:

  • Music, unless using a copy of a purchased work during an emergency where the music is needed immediately (such as a performance), but another original copy must be purchased after emergency situation;
  • Consumable materials (i.e. workbooks, standardized tests and lab manuals;
  • A work (i.e. article, poem, essay, etc.) for classroom use which is known to have been copied for use in another course at the same institution;
  • Any time a work is used, even if permission has been given in the past for a different class.